Apparatus for molding a liquid bag



May 28, 1935'. A. RICHARDS APPARATUS FOR MOLDING A LIQUID BAG 5Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Apr il' 14, 1934 A. R ICHARDS I APPARATUS FOR MoLDINGiA LIQUID BAG I May 28, 1935. I

5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed ApriI 14, 1934 I'Fllflriliill. ll llr May 28,1935. A. RICHARDS APPARA' I'US FOR MOLDING A LIQUID BAG 3 SheetsSheet 5Filed April 14, 1934 Patented May 28, 1935 2,003,092, 7 V n V 1APPARATUS Fort Monomer A IQUID; BAG J Antonio Richards, Providence, R.I. Apmieation. April 14, 1934, Serial No. 720,523

' Claims.

My invention relatesto improvementsin liquid bags and an object of myinvention is to :provide a liquid bag particularly one ofthe hot watertype or fountain syringewtype :provided with a solid integral wallextending vertically for a substantial distancethereof to prevent thebag from'expanding and contracting, .or other- Wise bowing when filledwith liquid-muse, said wall being preferablyintegrally molded in theshaping; and manufacturing of the liquid bag. By employing this wallmolded integrally'with the bag, I am enabled to provide a center wallentirely constructed of the material of the side walls and entirelyintegral therewith, not depending on its strength for the joining ofrubber rods in a separate vulcanization which would tend to distort thebag after the bag has been initially formed.

An object of my invention is therefore to make" a molded rubber bagprovided with a central wall seamless in everyrespect.

An object of my invention therefore isto pro vide an integral wall,orfin which will prevent.

the liquid bag from bowing when filled with liquid or otherwise gettingout of shape, and permanently retaining it in use in the desired flatshape. I

It is well known that when rubber surfaces touch each other when drythey tend to become stuck to each other and deteriorate. A furtherfeature of my invention is to continually'space the side walls of theliquid-bag when-not in use A further object of my invention is toprovide a bag which will accomplish the results named in the twopreceding paragraphs without in any way affecting the externalappearance orshape of the liquid bag. 1

Further features of my invention relate to the improved process ofmolding such a bag with the integral center wall heretofore describedand a suitable novel type of mold and. core for this purpose to providea slottherein for the purpose of forming the integralwall.

For-this purpose l preferably" separate the usual liquid bag coreusedIin the molding operation into two portions, namely, a mainportionwhich may be withdrawnas usual through the distended neck of the bag anda supplemental portion complemental to said main portion except for avertical slit near the centerthereof to form the molded integral wall ofmy improvedliquid bag, which may after the maincore-has been withdrawnbe tilted laterally. from,v the formed ((31. 18-3 5) n integral wall andreadily withdrawn through the neck of my improved liquid bag. v Furtherfeatures of my invention relate to the detailed construction of suchacore and the 1 means I preferably'employ to rigidly secure the core inposition in a suitable liquid bag mold,

These and suchother objects of my invention as may hereinafter appearwill be'best undergstood from a description of the accompanyingdrawings, which illustrate my improved mold, its methodof use and myimproved liquid bag. 7 V n In the drawings,- Fig. ,1 is a plan view of alower mold with all portions of my improved core secured thereto afterthe. upper mold has been removed, and showing the molded bag and partsof my composite core in section therein;

' Fig, 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 showingthe uppfir mold in place; Fig.3 is a. sectional view taken' along theline 3-3 of Fig. lthrough the center portions of :the main core cut-outand supplemental core.

Fig. 4 is 4-4' of .1 through the upper portions of the cut-out of themain core and the supplemental'core. I Fig. 5 is a plan view of myimproved mold and ,moldedliquidbag illustrating the first step ofremoving the corefrom the bag, name- 1y that of drawing out the maincore through the distendedneck of the bag vertically up; wardlytherefrom and leaving the supplemental. core in its molded positionbelow the'molded a sectional view taken along the line seamless wall,and showing the bagin section.

Fig. 6 is a plan view illustrating the steps in the method of removingthe supplemental core T from the molded bag by first tilting itlaterally away from; the l, molded seamless center wall as shown indotted lines and drawing it outwardly through the neck as shown in fulllines, the molded bag and integral center wall of being shownin section.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of my improved"' I molded bag. V g g V Fig. 8is a vertical sectional view thereof taken along the line 8 -8 of Fig.7. V

In thedrawings, wherein like characters of reference indicate like partsthroughoutl0: generally indicates amolded liquid bag of flat oblongshape having" a body portion l2,a con-, 1'.

stricted neck l4, side walls l8. and. end walls I! and a centralvertical wall: l6 integrally molded to the opposite adjacent side wallsl8. of said bag in-aseamless manner. hitherto, this seamless molded wall16 prfivents As stated irregular bowing orshaping when filled withliquid in use and also spaces the side walls l8 when not in use toprevent any direct contact with each other and hence deterioration ofthe rubber surfaces thereof. While -,I am

, aware that others have attempted to solve this general problem, so faras I am aware they have done so by inserting a plasticizable peg or rodin the bag usually after the initial molding andsupplementally cementingor semi-vulcanizing it thereto inja manner to form a seam at each endthereof. By employing my improved core and mold shown herein, andsplit-1. ting the usual core into, a main core and a, supplemental corein the manner shown here-: in, I believe I am able to providefor thefirst time a liquid bag having a molded integral wall integrally spacingthe sidewalls of the liquid bag. I

While any suitable plasticizable rubber strips therearound or layingrubber layers on the top andbottom'thereoLplace it in a mold and subjectitto a sufficiently high' temperature to plasticize the material to formthe desired article. While any" suitable type of plasticizable mate1*ialmaybe*used in ac cordance with the usual, practice of making liquidbags, I preferably construct my improved bagout of rubber and'forthis'purpose Ipreferably' wind strips of unvulcan'ized[rubber or layersheets having the'usually desiredvul-I canized materials incorporatedtherein around the core prior toinsertingit inthe mold; 1

'As shown in Fig. 5- myimpro'ved' core prefer ably includes amainportion name a slipplemental portion 24, These portions 22 and 24are suitably secured'together, the "desired rubber wrapped around it andthen laid in the? lower mold 26 (Fig. '1) Of.- course, ifbther types ofplasticizablematerials are used other than rubber, the "core may beplaced in the .mold and the plasticizable material laid around it or ontop of and below it in any suitable manner either before core --inithe-r'noldi j 3 v a My entire apparatus includes the lower "mold 26having the hemi-liquidbag concavity 28, re' stricted neck concavity 36,and a flat concav-;

or after insertion o'f {theity' 32 extending, from above said n'eckconcavity tothe endwallfi i therein.

of said mold havingholes' 36 body' l2 and'ne'ck 14 thereof and0fthe'thickness'of the bag except for the rounded edges, and constrictedneck -fiiithereof'and'a flat portion 45 of the thickness of saidbag-:labove the neck thereof I and adapted to lie insaid flat concavity32 in-sa-id lower mold 25 having holes '42 therein aligned-with saidmold holes" 36.. Saiclinain core body portion' '22 has a 'cut out'portion '44 extending downwardly from above the center of-said liquidbag" portion-slightly offset from the vertical central line thereofincluding a ba se portion 4 "a "center portion 48 of le'ss widthfisaidbase-portion 45 having holes55 projecting upwardly therefrom in saidcore and said center portion-- 48 having vertical material may beusedfor forming my improved bag, I p'ref--; erably cover a suitable core 20,bywrappinggrooves 52 extending laterally inwardly thereof and an upperportion 54 of less width extending laterally on one side of the verticalcentral line thereof a slight distance as at 56 (Fig. 1) and asubstantial distance as at 58 (Fig. 1) on the other side thereof of thevertical central line thereof. Said main core 22 also preferably has ahole 60 extending vertically upwardly from said second offset side 58'ofsaid upper cut-out'portion 54,to the top portion of said core, or outerend of the flat portion 40 of said core.

7 I also provide a supplemental core portion 24 substantiallycomplemental to said cut-out portions 44 having a complemental base 62having pins 64 projecting vertically upwardly therefrom within said maincore holes 50, a center portion 66 having splines 68 projectinglaterally thereof within said main core grooves 52 arid an upper portionof less width than said cut-out upper portion 44 extending from thesecond side 58.of said cut-out to a line 12 spaced from a verticalcentral line of said'mold an amount equalto the amount that the firstside of said cut-outis spaced from said vertical center to form .aliquid bag wall forming slit I5v (see Fig. .1) extendingvverticallynear. the center of. said composite core to form the vertically centralwall It of ,my improvedliquid bag. In myimproved construction I alsoprovide a rod 18 projecting from-the upper portion H! of saidsupplemental mold through said hole 60- in said main. coreand'havinga'threadedend 80 projecting from the upper portion thereof and'extending beyond the mold end walland main core flat portion 40; I alsoprovide. a nut 82 adaptedzto be threaded on 'said threaded rod end 88 toclamp said core portions 22 and 24 together. Itis thus obvious that thepins 64 fitting into the holes 58 'andzthe splines 68 fitting into thegrooves 52 form. means to se-' cure, said core portions in alignment andsaid 'rod18 extending throughs'aid hole til in combination with a clampor nut 82 form means to detacha'bly secure said core portions togetherin molding position within said mold. To align the flat main coreportion 40 within the cut- Lout '32 in. said. lower mold I provide thepin means84 extending from said holes 42 into the aligned holes 36 insaid lower mold to securely. align said core on said lower mold. I alsoprovide the upper mold 85 having a cooperating hemi-liquid; bag body,neck and flat concavities 88, '96 and 92 respectively,adapted to overliesaid core 20 and covering thereof to mold the exterior of said liquidbag with said lower mold. In operationQthe supplemental .core portion24,15; insertedwithin said main core portion 22 so that the rod '18thereof will project through the hole' 60 therein, the pins 64 fittinginto the holes 50 and the splines 68 fitting into the grooves 52 tosecure said core portions'in alignmerit and the nut '82" is thenthreaded on to the threaded end 80 of the rod 18 to securely clamp. saidcoreportions together. Then the strips of unvulc'anized rubberhaving'the desired vulcanizing materials incorporated therein arewrapped around or laid on each side of the coreand'the core'is then laidin the lower mold 26, with 'the pins '34 projecting therefrom throughtherespective holes 36 in the flat portion of the core Ml -to holdthecore in position on'said lower mold.

As statedhitherto, if desired; other typesof plasticizablematerial thanrubber may be em t 7 2,0 ,0 2 ployed' which may be either wrapped aroundthe core as stated, or poured 'or laid into the concavities between themold and 'core formed bytheir. specific construction. The upper mold 85is then placed over the lower moldpas shown. in Fig. 2 and the entiredevice subjected -to the desired molding heat or process withv the deesired hydraulic or;other pressure'suitably exerted on said mold. Afterthe rubber has been suitably vulcanized or the plasticizable materialotherwise suitably plasticizedvthe upper mold 86 is removed, and asshown in Fig.5.theycore 2E3 surrounded by the formed bag is withdrawn"from the lower mold. The nut 82 is then withdrawn from the threaded end80 of the bolt 18, thus detaching the main core 22nfrom the supplementalcore 24, the neck I 4 of the molded or formed bag Ill is then distendedin the usual manner and as shown in Fig. 5 the main core 22 may bewithdrawn out of the distended neck thereof leaving the supplementalcore 24 in its molding position underneath and laterally abutting theformed integral wall 16; As shown in Fig. 6 to remove the supplementalcore, it is first laterally tilted so as to remove the upper. portionthereof laterally away from the lower endof the wall 16 after whichthesupplemental core may be readily withdrawn out of the neck of the bag asshown in full lines in Fig. 6,

It is thus apparent that I have provided a novel type of seamless liquidbag, for use as a water bag, fountain syringe bag or any of the otheruses thereof; provided with a seamless integral molded verticallycentral wall, I6 for the double functionof keeping the bag in cor,- rectflat position in use and preventing the liquid therein from bowing itout of shape "and spacing the side walls l8 thereof when not inuse, a

novel type of core for use in them'olding thereof, a novel type of meansfor securing said core to said mold and an improved method of makingsuch an improved molded liquid bag.

' I employ the words vertically; .horizontal- 1y, etc., as appliedtothevbag in a vertical position in use regardless of its position on themold.

. It is understood that my invention is not limited 'to the specificembodiments shown or methods described and thatvarious deviations may bemade therefrom without 7 departing from the spirit and scope of theappendedclaims.

What I claim is: I V 1 1. A core for use in making molded liquid bags,comprising a main core portion of the desired shape of the interior ofsaid bag having a cut-out portion extending, from above the center tothe lower end thereof slightly ofiset,

rod to said main core portion to rigidly securesaid coreportionstogether in molding position whereby said first core portion may bewithdrawn vertically upwardly from said molded bag through the distendedneck thereof, and

said supplemental core portion may ,be'; tilted shape of the interior ofout portion extending from above the center to,

laterallly from said molded center walland withdrawn upwardly throughsaid neck.

.2. -A core for use in making molded liquid bags; comprising amain coreportion ofxthe de-;

siredshape of the interior of said bag having:

a' cut-out portion extending from above the centerto the lower, endthereof ofiset from the vertical center thereof, a supplemental coreportion complemental to said cut-out portion except for verticalwallforming slit means on the upper portion of the center side, thereofextending vertically for .a'substantial' distance eachiside. ofthe-center of said combined core portions and means to rigidly securesaid core portions together in molding position whereby said first coreportionmay bewithdrawn verticallyupwardly :from said molded bag throughthe distended neck thereof, and said supplementalcore portion maybetilted laterally from said molded center wall and withdrawn upwards lythrough said neck.

3. Acore for use in making molded liquid" bags, comprising a main coreportion of the desired shape of the interior, of said bag hav-, ing acut-outportion extending from above-the center of'thelower end thereofslightly offset from the vertical center thereof, a supplemental coreportion complemental to saidcut-out portion exceptfor a narrow verticalwall forming slit' on the upper portion of the center side.

thereof extending vertically; for a substantial distance each side ofthe center of, said combined core portions and means to rigidly se cure.said core portions together in molding position whereby said first coreportion may be withdrawn vertically upwardly from said molded bagthrough the distended neck thereof, and said supplemental core portionmay be tilted laterally from, said molded center wall and withdrawnupwardly through said neck and means to detachably secure said coreportions;

te d e .4 I p p 4. A core for use in making molded liquid bags,comprising a 'main' core portion of the desired shape of the interior ofsaid bag having a cut-out portion extending fromiabove the center to thelower end thereof slightly offset from the vertical center thereof and ahole projecting upwardly through the neck thereof, a supplemental coreportion complemental to said cut-out portion except .for a narrow ver-'tical wall, forming slit on the upper portion of the center side thereofextending vertically for a substantial distance each side of the centerof said combined core portions and a rod projecting upwardly therefromadapted topro: ject through said hole in said main core portion andmeans to detachably clamp the end 7 of said rod tosaid main core portionto rigidly:

secure said core portions position. whereby said first withdrawnvertically upwardly from said molded bag through the distended neckthereofliand said supplemental core portion maybe tilted laterally fromsaid molded center wall and withtogether in molding drawn upwardlythrough said'neck.

5. A core for use in'making molded liquid bags, comprising a main corethe'lower end thereof slightly offset from the vertical center thereof,a supplemental core portion complemental'tosaid cut-out portion exceptfor a narrow vertical Wall forming slit onthe upper portion of thecenter side thereof. extend core portion may be portionof the desired, 7said bag having a cut desired shape of the interior ing vertically forasubstantialdistanceleach side of the center of said combinedcore-portions,

desired shape of the interior of said bag having.

a cut-out portion'extending from above the center of the lower endthereof and a hole projecting' upwardly throughthe neck thereof, a suppleinental core portion complemental to, said cut-out portion except fora narrow vertical wall forming slit extending vertically for asubstantial distance each side of the center of said combined coreportions and a rodprojecting upwardly therefrom adapted to projectthrough said hole insaid main core portion, means on said core portionsto-retain them in alignment and means to detachably'clamp'the end ofsaid rod to said main core portion to rigidly secure said core portionstogether in molding position whereby said first core portion may be'withdrawn vertically upwardly from said molded bag through thedistended neck thereof, and said supplemental core portion may be tiltedlaterally I from said molded center wall and withdrawn upwardlythrough'said neck.

7.'A core for usev in making "moldedliquid bags, comprising a main coreportion of the desired shape of theinterior of said bag having a cut-outportion extending frorn'above the center to' the lower end thereof, asupplemental'core portion complemental-to said cut-out portion vexceptfor vertical wall forming slit means extending vertically for asubstantial distance each side of the center of said combined coreportions and means to rigidly'secure said core portions togetherinmolding position whereby'saidufirst core portion may bewithdr'wn'vertically upwardly from said molded bag through the dis--tended neck thereof, and said supplemental core portion may be tiltedlaterally from said molded center wall and withdrawn upwardly throughsaidneck. 1 I 8. In a liquid bag molding apparatus, a lower mold havinga hemi-liquid'bag and neckcon cavity and a flat concavity extending fromabove said neck concavity to the end'wall of said mold having holeswithin, core means adapted to receive a cover of rubber or otherplasticizable material to bei vulcanized and/or molded and to lietherewith in a molding position in said lower mold, including a maincoreportion' of 'the of the bag and of the thickness ofthe bag exceptfor the rounded edges and constricted neck thereof and a flat portion ofthe thicknessof said b ag' above "the neck thereof adapted to lie insaid flat concavity in said mold, having holes therein-"aligned withsaid mold holes; and having a cut outflportion slightly offset from thevertical central line thereof-including a base portion, a center portionof lesswidtnsaid base portionhaving holes projecting upwardly therefromin said core and said center portion having vertical grooves ex; tendinglaterally inwardly thereofjand an upper portionof less width extendinglaterally on one side of'the vertical central line thereof a slightsaid'rod end to clamp thereof including .a

bag except for distance anda substantial distanceionl'the' other sidethereof,-said main core also having a hole extendingvertically upwardlyfrom said second offset side, of said upper cut-out portion to the topportion of said 'core, a supplemental core portion substantiallycomplemental to the cutout portion, having a complemental base havingpins projecting vertically upwardly therefrom within said'main coreholes, a center portion having splines projecting laterally thereofwithin said main core grooveaand an upper portion of less-width thansaid cut-out upper portion, ex-

tending from the second side of said cut-out to a line spaced fromtheverticaLc-entral line of said core an amount equal to the amount thatthe first side of said'cut-out is spaced from said vertical center, toform a liquidbag wall forming slit extendin'g'v'ertically near'thecenter of said composite core, and a rod projecting from the upperportion thereof through said hole in said main core and having athreaded end extending beyond the mold end wall, a nut threaded on said.mold portions t0- gether, means extending through'said aligned holesin'said main core fiat portion and lower mold toisecurely retainsaidlcore to said lower mold and. an upper mold having/a cooperatinghemi-liquid bag and neck and flat concavity to overliesaidcore andrubber covering thereof to mold the exterior of-said liquid bag withsaid lower mold. a o i i 9. Core means adapted to receive a cover ofrubbenor otherp'lasticizable material to be vulcanized and/or molded andto lie therewith in a molding positionin a mold, including a main coreportion of thedesired shape of the interior of the bag and of thethickness of'the bag except for the rounded edges and constricted' neckthereof having a-cut-out portionslightly offset from the verticalcentral line base portion, a center portion of less width, and an upperportion. of less width extending laterally on'one side of the. verticalcentralline', thereof a slight distance and asubstantial distance on theother side. thereof, a supplemental core portion substantiallycomplementalto the cut-out portion,

having a'complemental base, a center portion and an upper'portion ofless width than said cut-out upper portion, extending from the secondside 'of said'cutout to a line spaced from the vertical central line ofsaid core an amount equal to the amountthat the firstside of saidcut-out is spaced from said, vertical center, to form a; li uid bag wallforming slit extending vertically near the center of said compositecore, and means to detachable secure said core portions together. j r

7' l0. Core-means adapted to receive a cover of rubber or otherplasticizable material to be vulcanized and/or molded and to lietherewith in" amolding position in a mold, including a main'c'oreportion of the desired shape of the interior of the bag and ofthethickness of the the rounded edges and constricted neck thereof having acut-out portion slightly offset from the vertical central line thereofincluding a base portion, a center portion of less width, and an upperportion of less width extending laterally on one side of the verticalcentral-line thereof a slight distance and a substantial distanceontheo-ther side thereof, a supplemental core portion substantiallyco'mple mental to the'cut-outportion, having a complementalb'ase. a.center portion and an upper portion of less width than said cut-outupper portion, extending from the second side of said cut-out to a linespaced from the vertical central line of said core an amount equal tothe amount that the first side of said cut-out is spaced from saidvertical center, to form a liq-' uid bag wall forming slit extendingvertically near the center of said composite core.

11. Core means adapted to receive a cover of rubber or otherplasticizable material to be vulcanized and/or molded and to lietherewith in holes therein and having a cut-out portion slightly offsetfrom the vertical central line thereof including a base portion, acenter portion of less width, said base portion having holes projectingupwardly therefrom in said core and said center portion having verticalgrooves extending laterally inwardly thereof, and an upper portion ofless width extending laterally on one side of the vertical central linethereof a slight distance and a substantial distance on the other sidethereof, said main core also having a hole extending vertically upwardlyfrom' said second offset side of said upper cut-out portion to the topportion of said core, a supplemental core portion substantiallycomplemental to the cut-out portion, having a complemental base havingpins projecting vertically upwardly therefrom within said main coreholes, a center portion having splines projecting laterally thereofwithin said main core grooves, and an upper portion of less width thansaid cut-out upper portion, extending from the second side of saidcut-out to a line spaced from the vertical central line of said core anamount equal to the amount that the first side of said out-out is spacedfrom said vertical center, to form a liquid bag wall forming slitextending vertically near the center of said composite core, and a rodprojecting from the upper portion thereof through said hole in said mainbore and having a threaded end extending beyond the mold and the Wall,and a nut adapted to be threaded on said rod end to clamp said coreportions together.

12. In a liquid bag molding apparatus, a lowermold having a hemi-liquidbag and neck concavity, core means adapted to receive a cover of rubberor other plasticizable material to be vulcanized and/or molded and'tolie therewith in a molding position in said lower mold, including a maincore portion of the desired shape of the interior of the bag and of thethickness of the bag except for the rounded edges and constricted neckthereof having a cut-out portion slightly oifset from the verticalcentral line, thereof including a base portion, a center portion of lesswidth, and an upper portion of less width extending laterally on oneside of the vertical central line thereof a slight distance and asubstantial distance. on the other side thereof, a supplemental coreportion substantially complemental to the cut-out portion, hav-' ing acomplemental base, a center portion and an upper portion of less widththan said cutout upper portion, extendingfrom the second" side of saidcut-out to a line spaced from the vertical central line of said core anamount' equal to the amount'that the first side of said cut-out isspaced from said vertical center, to

form a liquid bag Wall forming slitextending vertically near the centerof said composite core, and an upper mold having arcooperatinghemiliquid bag and neck concavity to overlie said I core and rubbercovering thereof to mold'the exterior of said liquid bag with said lowermold,

means to detachably secure said core portions together and means toretain said core in position within said mold. 1

13. In a liquid bag molding apparatusja lower mold-having a hemi-liquidbag and neck concavity, core means adapted to receive a cover of rubberor other plasticizable material to be vulcanized and/or molded and tolie therewith in a molding position in said lowermold, including a maincore portion of the desired shape of the interior of the bag ands ofthethickness of the bag except for the rounded edges and constricted neckthereof havinga cut-out portion slightly offset from the verticalcentral line thereof including a base portion, a center portion of lesswidth, said base portion having holes projecting upwardly therefrom insaid core and said center portion having vertical f grooves extendinglaterally inwardly thereof, and an upper .portion of less widthextending laterally on one side of the vertical central line thereof ,aslight distance and a substantial distance on the other side thereof,said main core also having a hole extending vertically upwardly fromsaid second offset side of said upper cut-out portion to the top portionof ,7 7

said core, a supplemental 'core portion substantially complemental tothe cut-out portion,

having a complemental base having pins projecting vertically upwardlytherefrom within said main core holes, a center portion having splinesprojecting laterally thereof within said main core grooves, and an upperportion of less width than said cut-out upper portion, extending fromthe second'side of said cut-out portion to a line spaced from thevertical central line of said core an amount equal to the amount thatthe first side of said cut-out is spaced from said vertical center, toform a f i liquid bag wall forming slit extending vertically near thecenter of said composite core, and a rod projecting from the upperportion thereof through said hole in said main core and having athreaded'end extending beyond the mold end .wall, a nut threaded on saidrod end to clamp said mold portions together and an upper mold havingacooperating hemi-liquid bag and neck to overlie'said core and rubbercovering thereof to mold the exterior of said liquid "bag with saidlower mold. a v

- ANTONIO RICHARDS.

